![]() ![]() Infrequent rock avalanches were reported in the Kobokan ravine on the SE flank they were periodically incandescent as they traveled several hundred meters down the flank. The Darwin VAAC reported intermittent ash emissions throughout the period that usually rose to 3.9-4.3 km altitude and drifted in multiple directions. Gray and white plumes were sometimes observed rising a few hundred meters above the summit, although they were often obscured by meteoric clouds and fog. ![]() Tens of seismic events interpreted by PVMBG as eruptions occurred daily from March-November 2021. Summary of activity during March-December 2021. In addition, information is provided by the Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisor Center (VAAC), and remote sensing satellite data that includes visible imagery, thermal anomaly, and sulfur dioxide emissions data. The volcano is monitored by Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG), also known as the Indonesian Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) which is the Geological Agency under the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. ![]() ![]() Activity from March-December 2021 is covered in this report. The current eruption, ongoing since 2014, produced a major ash plume in early December 2021 that caused ashfall, pyroclastic flows, and lahars that damaged several communities and resulted in more than 50 fatalities. Activity at Semeru, located on the eastern half of Java, Indonesia, has included lava flows, Vulcanian and Strombolian explosions, pyroclastic flows, lava domes, and lahars (mudflows) fatalities and serious injuries have occurred in 1981, 1994, 1997, and 2000. Hundreds of eruptive events in the 19th and 20th centuries, including nearly continuous activity since 1967, mark Semeru as one of the world’s more active and hazardous volcanoes. Pyroclastic flows and lahars from dome collapse on 4 December 2021 destroyed multiple communities and caused fatalities ![]()
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